I ngā tau tata nei, kua noho te pūngao o te rā hei huarahi kē atu i ngā hinu pūmua tuku iho, ā, he otinga pumau, he pai hoki mō te taiao mō ā tātou hiahia pūngao e tipu haere ana. I te aroaro o ngā wero nui o te ao mō te huringa āhuarangi me te paunga o ngā rauemi taiao, he mea nui te mārama ki te mahi a te pūngao o te rā mō ngā kaihoko me ngā kaihanga kaupapa here. Ka rukuhia e tēnei tuhinga te tikanga whakahaere o te pūngao o te rā, me te whakamārama i te tukanga hurihanga mai i te rā ki te hiko.
Ko te kaupapa matua o te whakaputa hiko o te rā ko te whakaputa hiko mā te whakamahi i te hihi o te rā. Ka tīmata tēnei tukanga kingā panera rā, e titoa ana i ngā pūtau photovoltaic (ngā pūtau PV). He mea hanga ēnei pūtau i ngā rauemi semiconductor (te nuinga o te silicon) ā, he kaha ahurei tō rātou ki te huri i te hihi o te rā hei pūngao hiko. Ina whiti te hihi o te rā ki te mata o te panera rā, ka whakaoho i ngā irahiko i roto i te rauemi semiconductor, ā, ka puta he iahiko hiko. E mōhiotia ana tēnei āhuatanga ko te pānga photovoltaic.
I muri i te hopu a ngā panera rā i te hihi o te rā, ka whakaputaiahiko tika (DC), ko te mahi e whai ake nei ko te huri i tēnei DC kiiahiko whakawhiti (AC), te momo hiko paerewa e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā kāinga me ngā pakihi. Ka tutukihia tēnei huringa mā te taputapu e kiia nei ko te inverter. He mahi nui tā ngā inverter i roto i ngā pūnaha hiko o te rā, kia taea ai te whakamahi i te hiko i hangaia hei whakakaha i ngā taputapu, rama, me ētahi atu taputapu hiko.
Kia hurihia hei iahiko whakawhiti, ka taea te whakamahi tonu i te hiko, ka taea rānei te penapena mō te whakamahinga ā muri ake nei. He maha ngā pūnaha hiko o te rāhe taputapu rokiroki pākahiko kei roto, e āhei ai ngā kāinga me ngā pakihi ki te penapena i te hiko nui i hangaia i ngā rā paki hei whakamahi i ngā rā kapua, i te pō rānei. Ka whakarei ake tēnei āhuatanga i te pono o te whakaputa hiko o te rā, ā, he kōwhiringa pai rawa atu mō te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia pūngao kia mau tonu.
Haunga ngā whakamahinga kāinga, ka whakamahia hoki te pūngao rā i roto i ngā tipu hiko rā nui. He maha ngā panera rā o ēnei whare e whakarite ana i roto i te whatunga hiko, ka taea te whakaputa i te nui o te hiko ka tukuna ki te whatunga hiko. Ka whai wāhi tēnei whakaputanga pūngao rā nui ki te tuku pūngao whānui, ka whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā wahie pūmua, ā, ka whakaiti i ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi.
Ko tētahi o ngā painga nui o te pūngao o te rā ko tōna pumau. He rauemi nui, he rauemi whakahou hoki te rā, e whakarato ana i te pūngao e kore e mutu. Kāore i rite ki ngā hinu pūmua, he iti nei ngā rahui, ā, ka pā kino ki te taiao, he puna pūngao rerekē ma te pūngao rā e āwhina ana ki te whakaiti i te huringa āhuarangi. Hei tāpiri, kua pai ake te whai huatanga me te whakaiti i ngā utu nā te whanaketanga o te hangarau pūngao o te rā, ā, kua wātea te pūngao o te rā ki te tini o te tangata.
Ahakoa ngā painga maha o te hiko o te rā, he maha ngā wero e pā ana ki a ia. Tērā pea he nui te haumitanga tuatahi ki ngā panera me ngā whakaurunga hiko o te rā, ahakoa he maha ngā kāwanatanga e tuku ana i ngā whakatenatena me ngā tautoko hei utu i ēnei utu. Hei tāpiri, ka pāngia te whakaputa hiko o te rā e ngā āhuatanga o te rangi, ka hua ake ngā rerekētanga o te putanga. Heoi anō, kei te aro atu ngā rangahau me ngā whanaketanga tonu i roto i te rokiroki hiko me te whakahaere whatunga ki ēnei wero, e whakatakoto ana i te ara mō te hanganga o ngā hanganga hiko o te rā pakari ake.
I te poto, he panoni nui te hiko o te rā ki te āhua e whakaputa me te whakamahi ai tātou i te hiko.Mā te mārama ki te tukanga o te huri i te hihi o te rā hei hiko, ka taea e tātou te kite i te kaha nui o te pūngao o te rā hei puna pūngao pumau. Mā te haere tonu o ngā whanaketanga hangarau me te piki haere o te mōhiotanga ki te taiao, e matapaetia ana ka whai wāhi nui te mana o te rā ki roto i tō tātou nekehanga ki tētahi heke mai ma, matomato hoki.
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi 14-2025
